• Early support from Army human fac- tors engineers who understand the entire suite of Soldier systems.
Among the systems to which the Army has successfully applied these HFE prin- ciples are the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) Manpack radio, the JTRS Rifle- man radio, the Enhanced Medium Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System, display designs for aircraft hover control in degraded visual environments, the Joint Multi-Role Medium Class Air- craft and the Mobile Tower System.
PROGRAM PARTNERS ARL’s R&D efforts in dynamic-terrain simulation and training are benefiting programs of record such as OneSAF and Synthetic Environment Core, among others. (Image courtesy of Dignitas Technologies LLC)
of materiel design on Soldiers through- out system development. It does this by focusing on seven domains: manpower, personnel, training, HFE, system safety, health hazards and Soldier survivability.
Te Human Research and Engineering Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is the Army’s lead agency for HFE. It has identified several key elements
in the equipment design
process that could help Army PMs build systems that adapt to Soldiers:
• Early support to analysis-of-alternatives study teams to ensure that they con- sider Soldier performance and make accommodations for the Soldier in the trade space when developers must
decide which aspects of the design to trade for others—for example, trading usability features for such factors as weight, power draw or range.
• Early support to those designing and building equipment for the Army, support to conduct usability studies and access to Soldiers to obtain design input and feedback.
• Early specification of human perfor- mance and human-system interaction requirements and metrics so that vendors can meet them using Soldier-centered, iterative design.
• Equipment design that conforms to consistent user interface standards, and when inconsistent operation is required to ensure the survivability of friendly forces.
For example, the Rifleman Radio usability studies, undertaken with the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division at Fort Bliss, TX, sought to understand how well the radio supports tactical operations through its user interface, specifically audio alerts, fit and physical design char- acteristics, among other factors. Infantry Soldiers conducted training drills includ- ing squad and platoon patrols, reacting to snipers and IEDs, and entering and clearing buildings. Tey used the radio under varying conditions: day and night; in urban, open, and mountainous ter- rain; while mobile and while stationary. Soldier feedback included “too easy” and
“you could have handed it to us and we could have figured out how to use it with- out anybody saying anything.”
Soldier evaluations such as these show that further integrating the effective use of these HFE principles will revolution- ize training. No longer will we think about teaching a system to a Soldier; instead, we will need to “teach the sys- tem” about the Soldier and train the two to work together as a team. Consistent interfaces mean that Soldiers will have a common operating picture that is por- table between pieces of equipment, so that when they move to a new piece of equipment, they only need to spend a
ASC.ARMY.MIL 119
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