COMMENTARY
automation and artificial intelligence. So, we must adjust our understanding of what new capabilities can be used to enable and improve the observe-orient-decide-act loop for commanders at strategic and tacti- cal levels.
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE PROVIDES OPTIONS To continue using the analogy of food and data preparation, imagine you are a manager responsible for feeding a fixed number of people on a daily basis, but your cafeteria just burned down. While the cafeteria was reduced to ashes, every- thing else was saved: the appliances, pots, pans, furniture and the cooks. You can’t afford to buy a new cafeteria, so what do you do? You rent one, instead, and restart operations using your staff, equipment and furniture.
Tis is an example of infrastructure as a service (IAAS). Under the IAAS model, you rent infrastructure (servers, data storage, facilities, heating, vents, air conditioning, etc.) and services (basic security and server resources utilized on a consumption basis). You must bring all your own data, data appliances and soft- ware tools, as well as data ingredients and trained and qualified people to wield the data tools.
In various tactical scenarios, a unit’s serv- ers may be inaccessible for a number of reasons. Te servers may be undergoing maintenance or reset, in transit to theater, or unavailable while a tactical operations center is moving. Tere may also have been a catastrophic event and the hardware rendered unrecoverable. Due to person- nel transfers, a unit might lack personnel with the required military occupational specialty expertise to administer tactical IT services. It is also possible that the mission might dictate such a geographic spread of personnel that there is not enough issued
DIGEST THE INFORMATION
A military adviser assigned to 1st Security Force Assistance Brigade checks communication equipment inside a vehicle. Raw battlefield information is overwhelming, and not ready for consumption—finding, extracting, transporting and processing the data is key. (Photo by Maj. Jason Elmore, 1st Security Force Assistance Brigade)
hardware to meet the need. Nonetheless, despite these sorts of challenges, units may still need to train, exercise or even execute the mission.
Because the U.S. Army has already invested in buildings, purchased servers and the necessary resources to run them, and has acquired software and appli- ances to run on owned hardware, this inefficient and less flexible model is the only one we can use as tenants in cloud service providers immediately without retooling or altogether rebuilding our soft- ware. However, to process raw data more
efficiently for information consumption in other logical and physical locations, we need to make additional changes.
PLATFORM AS A SERVICE PROVIDES THE TABLE Extending the scenario, imagine that not only the building but also your appli- ances were lost in the fire. In addition, the number of people you are being asked to feed has been fluctuating wildly and unpredictably. Likewise, for your reopen- ing, you have been tasked to make a special one-off meal that will require new and exotic food preparation equipment.
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