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STRENGTH THROUGH COOPERATION


formed and amended, exchanges help develop an understanding of each government’s requirements and limitations.


Many FMS cases require supplemental or corresponding system acquisitions and support packages for a “total package,” or more holistic approach. With each of these additional requirements, more representatives from each government enter the alliance- and partner-building effort. In most cases, these representatives work directly with their foreign government counterparts as they collaborate to accomplish fulfillment of specific contrac- tual requirements.


At the unit or user level, unit planners and sustainers for the foreign military become involved as new equipment training is scheduled and executed. From the highest levels of government to the users in the field, the FMS process provides an opportunity for the U.S. to strengthen its ties with the foreign government.


INTEROPERABILITY In addition to strengthening alliances and attracting new part- ners, FMS also increases interoperability between the U.S. and foreign militaries.


Te Defense Standardization Program, together with test and evaluation plans and standards, “provide the warfighter with equipment that is interoperable, reliable, technologically supe- rior and affordable,” according to DOD Manual 4120.24, issued Sept. 24, 2014. To accomplish this, the systems and ammunition used by the U.S. military undergo extensive testing and evalua- tion before being fielded and further proven on the front lines. Because of these standards and the subsequent quality that is achieved, militaries throughout the world seek to acquire U.S. military products through FMS.


During the foreign military sales process, information is often shared between the U.S. and the foreign customer on the archi- tecture of the acquired systems to assess compatibility between the newly purchased systems and existing systems. To establish compatibility, FMS cases often require additional tests, evalu- ations and system modifications. Munitions are tested on new foreign weapon systems, software modifications are developed and tested and all potential system and user touch points are assessed to ensure complete compatibility.


FMS cases result in U.S. and allied militaries operating with compatible systems, which in turn enhances multinational interoperability. Te importance of interoperability is stated repeatedly in TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-1, “Te U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028.” “Interoperability across service, interagency, and multinational partners is a key element to executing MDO [multidomain operations].” FMS promotes interoperability, which then “builds capacity and expands the range of options for the joint force commander.”


Interoperability considerations can range from technology and equipment to training and cultural factors, all of which can be directly impacted by FMS. Te processes involved during an FMS case, from contract negotiation to fielding, help support interop- erability at the strategic, operational and tactical levels.


PARTNERSHIP FOR MODERNIZATION WITH INDIA As one of the largest armies in the world, the Indian Army has, over the past decade, focused on modernizing its artillery forces. One of the most notable steps to modernize the artillery came in September 2018, when India received its first delivery of the U.S. M777A2 Lightweight Towed 155 mm howitzers.


ON TARGET


An M982A1 Excalibur projectile detonates directly over the target vehicle during a Lot Acceptance Test on April 10, 2019, at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. (Photo by Yuma Proving Ground)


62


Army AL&T Magazine


Fall 2020


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