EVERY RECEIVER a SENSOR
In the complex, digitally connected bat tlespace of the future, situational awareness will be the dif ference between victory and defeat. By optimizing current capabilities, developing new sensors and harnessing the power of data analytics, engineers and scientists will help commanders gain a bet ter understanding of cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum.
by Mr. Giorgio Bertoli, Ms. Danielle Duff, Ms. Courtney Coulter and Mr. Keith Riser
terrain.” Te United Nations projects that nearly 70 percent of the world’s population in 2050 will live in cities. During the same period, the number of internet-connected devices (includ- ing computers, smartphones, home electronics, personal gadgets and even people) is expected to increase dramatically to more than 600 billion, based on current rates of growth in ownership. Current military capabilities will not be able to deal with the complexities and sheer density of signals in such an environment, while robust communications links and extensive infrastructure will provide many advantages to an entrenched adversary.
A
To understand what a future conflict, even one just a decade or so into the future, might look like in an urban environment, imagine it’s 2030. U.S. armed forces have a mission to liberate and then provide security for a city occupied by a hostile force. Te enemy is dispersed throughout the city in small operational groups, using an extensive digital mission-command infrastructure to coordinate its activities. To avoid detection, adversary troops are
t the 2017 Association of the United States Army (AUSA) annual conference, Chief of Staff of the Army Gen. Mark A. Milley said that “the conflict of the future will almost certainly be in dense urban
augmenting their military command-and-control equipment by using the communication infrastructure available within this urban environment. Te commercial communication standard is now 6G. (Back in 2018, most smartphones ran on a 3G network.) Along with providing extremely robust communications and internet access to the local population, this cutting-edge digital infrastructure also supports the machine-to-machine commu- nications necessary for the internet of things and automation capabilities that are now omnipresent in a typical smart city.
Within this operational environment, friendly forces must be able to identify adversary actions across both physical and virtual boundaries. Tey will need to rapidly understand the local cyber and electromagnetic environment and identify how an adversary may use cyberspace to cause disruptions that undermine U.S. activities (e.g., cut off power and services, impede traffic flow, conduct targeted propaganda campaigns).
Obtaining situational awareness in such a scenario will be extremely difficult. Te nearly uncountable number of devices, the complexity of modern communication waveforms, and the ubiquity of available communication modes are but a few of the
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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