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THE QUANTUM BATTLEFIELD
The nonintuitive properties of quantum information science impact many technologies on the battle- field. The properties of superposition, matter-wave duality and entanglement are essential to a variety of current and future sensors and networks. (Graphic by U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center and the authors)
than light. Tis disturbed Einstein, who dismissed it as “spooky action at a distance.” Ultimately, many experiments have shown that the information transfer is still limited to the speed of light as described below. However, the nonclassical correlations do indeed permit a type of communication security and computation unavailable to classical communications and computing systems.
QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES Quantum Cryptography and Quantum Communications Quantum entanglement is expected to provide quantum networks with the ability to transmit quantum information with unparal- leled security. An additional security advantage stems from the fact that qubit systems cannot be copied without fundamentally disturbing them. Tis means any attempted copying will abso- lutely be revealed, which makes this type of communication system very enticing to the Army.
Current uses of quantum cryptography and secure quantum chan- nels primarily focus on the creation and distribution of quantum
keys. Classical channels are still used to transfer information between two parties, but this information has been encrypted by quantum keys and is unreadable by the receiver without receiv- ing the key over a quantum channel.
Ultimately, more complex quantum networks are envisioned that should provide the Army with a robust network secured not only by the protocols but also the inherent rules of quantum mechan- ics. To fully realize this, the Army is investigating distributed quantum systems that can store, process and transmit information using networks of entangled quantum memories. Tese are active areas of research within both Army laboratories and supported extramural efforts.
Quantum Metrology and Quantum Sensing Quantum systems possess advantages over classical systems for some metrology—measurement—and sensing applications. One reason for this is that the transition frequencies of quan- tum atomic systems are exact, reproducible and identical within
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ASC.ARMY.MIL 83
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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